The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union led his career to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he explained to reporters.
"I hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a culture of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating welcoming environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach young people in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that the sport has the ability to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022